Or see Norwood Russell Hanson ( Patterns of Discovery: An Inquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science, 109): "Philosophers sometimes regard physics as a kind of mathematical photography and its laws as formal pictures of regularities. No particular experiences are linked with any particular statements in the interior of the field, except indirectly, through considerations of equilibrium affecting the field as a whole" ("Two Dogmas of Empiricism," in From a Logical Point of View, 44–45). But the total field is underdetermined by its boundary conditions. Quine's famous analogy, a theory is "like a field of force whose boundary conditions are experience. They regularly have recourse to unobservable explanatory posits (e.g., forces, classes, quarks). Scientific theories are general, systematic schemes that attempt to account for empirical observations but are not reducible to them. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), 204–7.
For an earlier analysis of various ways of interpreting will to power, see Walter Kaufmann, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Anti-Christ, 4th ed. 7) poses this dilemma and reviews some of the critical literature on this issue. Maudemarie Clark ( Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy, chap. That is, it is an empirical theory-a broad, hypothetical attempt to provide a unifying explanation for the observable features of the natural world. It is intended as an "interpretation" ( BGE 22) of nature that competes with other such interpretations. Indeed, the doctrine is introduced precisely as an effort to view the world "from inside" ( BGE 36).
Will to power is not a metaphysical theory, if by "metaphysics" is meant some "transcendent" account of the world, a view "from outside." Nietzsche's criticism of such conceptions is most vehement in exactly those texts in which will to power plays a central role.
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